INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE STUDENT

INTRODUCTION

The character of the writer, the recipient, and their relationship are important when understanding letters. Letters are usually personal, and it would normally be wrong to open a letter meant for someone else. However, we are blessed that some important figures in history were open and honest enough for their letters to be preserved and read by others.

God's Call to Individuals

Throughout history, God has called many individuals for particular purposes in their respective times and places. As long as there is a message to convey, God will continue summoning men and women to minister to the specific needs of people.

Purpose of the Prophetic Books

In this section of the Study Guide, you will explore the prophets of the Old Testament and the arrangement of the prophetic books. You will discover that each prophet had a distinct message for the audience placed before them by God.

Timeless Guidance from the Prophets

As Israel's circumstances shifted, God offered guidance on how they should align with His will. The words of the Old Testament prophets continue to offer encouragement, warning, and guidance to God's people today.

THE BIBLE – MAJOR PROPHETS

Division of Prophecy Books

The final 17 books of the Old Testament contain prophecy, representing the divinely inspired words of prophets. Hebrew writings refer to these as "the Latter Prophets".

The Former Prophets

Prophecies of "the Former Prophets" are found in the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, with most not being recorded in writing.

Major and Minor Prophets

These last 17 books are typically split into two groups:

• The major prophets, comprising the first 5 books.
• The minor prophets, comprising the last 12 books.

This division doesn't imply varying importance; rather, major prophetic books are lengthier, while minor ones are briefer. The book of Lamentations, though not titled after a prophet, is grouped with the major prophetic books due to Jeremiah's authorship.

Chronology of the Prophetic Books

It's crucial to note that these books may not follow chronological order, and events within them often overlap with those in historical books.

Purpose of the Prophets

The Meaning of "Prophet"

The word "prophet" in the Greek language means "one who speaks on behalf of another". Prophets were considered the mouthpiece of God, as stated in 2 Kings:

2 Kings 24:2 states:

And the LORD sent against him bands of the Chaldees, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servants the prophets.

The Role and Reception of Prophets

Prophets were often unpopular due to their messages, which revealed sin and predicted impending judgment. They urged people to adhere to moral, civil, and ceremonial laws and also prophesied the arrival of the Messiah, Jesus Christ. As watchmen over Israel, prophets alerted the people to both physical and spiritual hazards.

Ezekiel 3:17 states:

Son of man, I have made thee a watchman unto the house of Israel: therefore hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me.

Methods of Divine Communication

God communicated His messages to His prophets through various means, including dreams, visions, angels, nature, and miracles. Additionally, there were occasions when God directly spoke plainly to His prophets.

BOOKS OF THE MAJOR PROPHETS

Overview of Isaiah

Isaiah is the first book of the major prophets and the twenty-third book of the Bible. It was written by Isaiah around 700 to 680 BC and consists of sixty-six chapters.

The Meaning of Isaiah’s Name

The name “Isaiah” means "salvation is of the Lord," which is fitting as the word "salvation" appears 26 times within its pages. In contrast, the term "salvation" is mentioned only 7 times in all other prophetic books combined.

Isaiah: A Miniature Bible

Isaiah is often likened to a miniature Bible, with its 66 chapters mirroring the 66 books of the Bible:

• The initial 39 chapters, termed the "Book of Judgment," correspond to the 39 books of the Old Testament.
• The latter 27 chapters, known as the "Book of Consolation," parallel the 27 books of the New Testament.

Isaiah’s Writing Style and Influence

Isaiah, an educated member of the royal family, exhibits a beautiful writing style reflective of his education. He is often referred to as the "Prince of Prophets" and is the most frequently quoted prophet in the New Testament, cited approximately 66 times.

Remarkable Prophecy of Cyrus the Great

Isaiah prophesied about Cyrus the Great over a century before Cyrus's birth.

Isaiah 45:1 states:

Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut.

Isaiah's Ministry During the Reigns of Four Kings

Isaiah prophesied during the reigns of four Judean kings: Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. It is speculated that he likely met his death under the fifth king, Manasseh. Some scholars believe Isaiah is the prophet mentioned in Hebrews 11:35 who was sawn in two.

Prophecies Concerning Christ

The book is filled with prophecies that closely align with the life of Jesus, serving as compelling evidence of His Messiahship. Isaiah foretold Christ's coming more than 700 years before His birth.

Isaiah 9:6-7 states:

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.

Chapter 53 of Isaiah foretold Christ's sufferings and sacrifice for our sins and iniquities, enabling our freedom.

Contemporary Prophets

Other prophets who lived during the same time as Isaiah include Amos, Hosea, and Micah.

Notable Points About the Book

• Chapter 7 prophesies the virgin birth of Jesus.
• Chapter 40 prophesies John the Baptist proclaiming Christ.
• Chapters 52 and 53 foretell the sacrificial and suffering death of Christ.
• Chapters 60 and 61 prophesy the coming of the Messiah.

Overview of Jeremiah

Jeremiah is the second book of the major prophets and the twenty-fourth book of the Bible. It was written by Jeremiah around 585 to 570 BC and consists of fifty-two chapters.

The Meaning of Jeremiah’s Name

The meaning of the name Jeremiah is "God will uplift".

Jeremiah's Call to Prophecy

God appointed Jeremiah as a prophet to Judah while he was still very young. Jeremiah was approximately twenty years old when God called him to be a prophet to Judah. He prophesied for the rest of his adult life, approximately forty years.

Jeremiah's Weaknesses and Strengths

Jeremiah was weak and timid, but through God's help, Jeremiah's weaknesses became his strengths. He was hated and persecuted by his own family.

Jeremiah 12:6 states:

For even thy brethren, and the house of thy father, even they have dealt treacherously with thee; yea, they have called a multitude after thee: believe them not, though they speak fair words unto thee.

Jeremiah's Unpopular Message

Jeremiah's unpopular message brought threats and imprisonment, with many false prophets spreading lies that contradicted his warnings. His message emphasised repentance and forewarned of imminent destruction if the people failed to repent.

This theme is evident through the repeated use of words such as "backsliding" (13 times), "return" (47 times), "scattered" (14 times), and "captive" or "captivity" (51 times). Sadly, the people refused to heed Jeremiah's warnings, disbelieving that God would permit the destruction of His temple or the captivity of His people.

Jeremiah: The Weeping Prophet

For over 40 years, Jeremiah faithfully delivered God's messages to the unbelieving Jews, earning him the epithet "the weeping prophet" due to the people's refusal to heed his warnings.

The Fulfillment of Jeremiah's Prophecies

Jeremiah witnessed the fulfillment of his prophecies when the Babylonians destroyed the city and the temple, taking the Jews captive. Jeremiah's ministry continued during and after the time of captivity, known as "the Exile".

Contemporary Prophets

Other prophets who lived concurrently with Jeremiah include Zephaniah, Habakkuk, Daniel, and Ezekiel.

Notable Point About the Book

Chapter 31 makes great references to the New Covenant God intended to have once Christ came to earth. This New Covenant would be the means with which he would restore his relationship with mankind. Jeremiah wrote that God would write His law in our hearts and we would worship God directly and not through priests.

Overview of Lamentations

Lamentations is the third book of the major prophets and the twenty-fifth book of the Bible. It was written by Jeremiah around 585 BC and consists of five chapters.

What is a Lamentation?

A lamentation, also known as a "dirge," is a funeral song. This book, Lamentations, has been likened to "the funeral of a city". Tradition holds that Jeremiah wrote five dirges while beholding the ruined city of Jerusalem, including Solomon's Temple. Notably, Lamentations is the only book written by a prophet that looks more backward than forward.

Structure of the Book

These five dirges formed the basis for the five chapters of Lamentations:

• The first four chapters are acrostic poems, where each verse begins with the consecutive letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
• In the original Hebrew language, each chapter had 22 verses to correspond with the 22 letters of the alphabet.
• The final chapter serves as a prayer for mercy and restoration.

Notable Point About the Book

Chapter 3 and the latter verses are a reminder of the mercies and compassion of God.

Lamentations 3:22-23 states:

It is of the LORD'S mercies that we are not consumed, because his compassions fail not. They are new every morning: great is thy faithfulness.

Overview of Ezekiel

Ezekiel is the fourth book of the major prophets and the twenty-sixth book of the Bible. It was written by Ezekiel around 590 to 570 BC and consists of forty-eight chapters.

The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Name

The name Ezekiel means "God will strengthen".

Ezekiel’s Historical Context

The book of Ezekiel begins before the Babylonian invasion and exile and continues during Babylonian captivity. Ezekiel prophesies in the earlier chapters with extreme warnings, even predicting that the people would resort to cannibalism.

Contemporary Prophets

During Ezekiel's time, other prophets like Daniel, also a captive, and Jeremiah, who remained in Jerusalem with other Jews, lived. Daniel and Ezekiel were thought to have been the same age.

Literary Devices Used by Ezekiel

Ezekiel employed a variety of literary devices, including prophecies, parables, signs, and symbols, to convey his message. His primary message was that captivity was a consequence of sin and that the Jews needed to repent. However, he also offered a message of hope, declaring that judgment was not final and restoration was possible.

Promise of a Coming King

Ezekiel also foretold the promise of a coming King, Jesus Christ.

Ezekiel 37:24-25 states:

And David my servant shall be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe my statutes, and do them. And they shall dwell in the land that I have given unto Jacob my servant, wherein your fathers have dwelt; and they shall dwell therein, even they, and their children, and their children's children for ever: and my servant David shall be their prince for ever.

Misunderstandings About the Messiah

The Jews, however, did not fully comprehend that the Messiah would come for all people, not just for the Jews. They also did not grasp that the deliverance He would bring would be spiritual, freeing them from sin, rather than physical, delivering them from their enemies.

Notable Points About the Book

• In Chapter 1, Ezekiel describes living creatures who are later revealed in the book of Revelation as other born-again believers.
• Chapter 10 depicts cherubim, connecting us back to the Garden of Eden, signifying redeemed beings.
• In Chapter 36, there is a promise of a new heart and a new spirit referring to the day of salvation.

Ezekiel 36:26 states:

A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh.

Overview of Daniel

Daniel is the fifth and last book of the major prophets and the twenty-seventh book of the Bible. It was written by Daniel around 530 BC and consists of twelve chapters.

The Meaning of Daniel’s Name

The name Daniel means "God is my judge".

Structure and Content of the Book

When you read the book of Daniel, it is important to notice that the first six chapters are in chronological order. They tell the history of Daniel's capture by the Babylonians and his years under the rule of Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Persian. The last six chapters do not follow this order; instead, they focus on different visions that Daniel received.

Prophecies and Visions

This book contains some of the most well-known stories in the Bible. It also contains dreams and visions of future historical events. Some have described this book as "history before it happened". Because the book of Daniel predicts future events with great accuracy, some people doubt that Daniel wrote the entire book.

However, God knows what will happen in the future, and He shared these details with Daniel. This book is also very useful for studying the book of Revelation.

Notable Points About the Book

• In Chapter 2, Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar's dream about a great image.
• Chapter 3 shows Daniel and his friends in a fiery furnace.
• Chapter 5 describes Belshazzar seeing an invisible hand writing on the wall.
• In Chapter 6, Daniel is thrown into a lions' den.
• Chapter 9 discusses the prophecy of seventy weeks given to Israel.

THE BIBLE – MINOR PROPHETS

The "Book of the Twelve"

In Hebrew tradition, the last 12 books of the Old Testament are known as the "Book of the Twelve" or "The Twelve-Prophet Book". These writings were initially compiled into a single scroll, possibly to prevent them from being easily lost if kept separately. Later, they were divided into 12 individual books.

Variety in Style and Length

These books vary in style and length; for instance, Hosea spans 14 chapters, while Obadiah is concise with only 21 verses. Despite their differences, they all share the common theme of "Thus saith the LORD," as each prophet conveyed messages received from God.

Classification of the Prophets

The 17 prophetic books aren't arranged in chronological order, which can make it tricky to pinpoint when each prophet lived and to whom their message was directed. Some prophets, like Joel, Obadiah, and Jonah, have uncertain timelines, leading to disagreement among historians. However, for clarity, we'll position them as follows:

Before the Captivities

• Jonah and Nahum preached to Nineveh, while Amos and Hosea addressed Israel.
• Joel, Isaiah, Zephaniah, Jeremiah, and Habakkuk directed their messages to Judah.

During the Captivities

• Daniel and Ezekiel ministered in Babylon.

After the Captivities

• Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi delivered their prophecies to Jerusalem.

The Years of Silence

Following Malachi, there was a period of about 400 years until John the Baptist, during which no true prophet conveyed God's message in Israel. This era was termed the "years of silence".

BOOKS OF THE MINOR PROPHETS

Overview of Hosea

Hosea is the first of what is termed the minor prophets and the twenty-eighth book of the Bible. It was written by Hosea around 750 to 710 BC and comprises fourteen chapters.

The Meaning of Hosea’s Name

The name Hosea means "salvation".

Hosea’s Early Prophecies:

Hosea directed his early prophecies to Jeroboam II, the 13th king of the Northern Kingdom around 750 BC. Israel was full of idolatry, and God planned to allow Assyria to invade if the people didn’t repent. They didn’t.

Hosea’s Prophetic Ministry

Hosea prophesied at the same time as Isaiah and about 10 years after Jonah was swallowed by the great fish and told to prophesy to Nineveh. Hosea obeyed God and married a woman who would not be faithful to him. This allowed him to prophesy with great passion about how God felt about Israel’s unfaithfulness.

Hosea 2:7 states:

And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shall not overtake them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then shall she say, I will go and return to my first husband; for then was it better with me than now.

Symbolism in Hosea’s Life

Hosea's personal pain, especially in his marriage to Gomer, gave him an understanding of God's sadness over Israel's disloyalty. Hosea and Gomer's relationship reflected the bond between God and Israel. Israel's betrayal, through worshipping idols, was like spiritual unfaithfulness.

Symbol of Redemption

Hosea buying Gomer back from slavery is a strong symbol of redemption. In a similar way, Jesus paid the ultimate price for redemption by giving His life on the cross.

Notable Point About the Book

In Chapter 11, there is a well-known prophecy about Jesus spending part of His childhood in Egypt.

Hosea 11:1 states:

When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt.

Overview of Joel

Joel is the second book of the minor prophets and the twenty-ninth book of the Bible. It was written by Joel, but the exact date is uncertain. It comprises three chapters.

The Meaning of Joel’s Name

The name Joel means "Yahweh is God," with Yahweh being another name for Jehovah.

Joel’s Prophecies

During Joel's time, Judah experienced devastation from massive swarms of locusts and a severe drought, leading Joel to prophesy that even worse calamities were imminent. In addition to warning of impending judgment, Joel also prophesied about a future time when God's Spirit would be poured out on His people.

This prophecy anticipates the coming of the Holy Spirit, which was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost as recorded in the New Testament.

Joel 2:28-29 states:

And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.

Fulfillment of Joel’s Prophecy

Peter explicitly referenced this prophecy in Acts 2:14-18, affirming that what was happening at that moment was the fulfillment of Joel's words.

Notable Point About the Book

Joel contains no stories, but only vivid images to predict events, especially those related to the Gospel Day.

Overview of Amos

Amos is the third book of the minor prophets and the thirtieth book of the Bible. It was written by Amos around 750 BC and comprises nine chapters.

The Meaning of Amos’s Name

The name Amos means "to lift a burden" or "burden bearer," reflecting his role in carrying the burdens of the people. Amos bore the weight of the people's oppression and the burden of declaring impending judgment.

Amos’s Background and Ministry

Amos was a shepherd living in Tekoa, a small town 10 miles south of Jerusalem. He prophesied around 760 BC during the reign of Uzziah, king of Judah, and Jeroboam II, king of Israel. Although Amos was born in Judah, he prophesied in Israel and predicted the overthrow of the Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians, which happened in 722 BC.

Amos 3:7 states:

Surely the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets.

Context of Amos’s Prophecies

Despite living in a time of material prosperity and with Israel's enemies appearing weak, the people doubted the fulfillment of Amos' prophecies.

Notable Point About the Book

Chapter 3 includes a verse that is often misused by many church leaders to assert control over God's people today, particularly among those who teach about pastoral authority.

Overview of Obadiah

Obadiah is the fourth book of the minor prophets and the thirty-first book of the Bible. It was written by Obadiah, but the date is uncertain. It comprises only one chapter.

The Meaning of Obadiah’s Name

The name Obadiah means "worshipper of Jehovah".

Unique Aspects of Obadiah

Obadiah is the shortest book in the Old Testament and is exclusively a prophecy toward another nation—Edom. Obadiah is one of only three prophets who pronounced judgment primarily on other nations. Nahum pronounced judgment on Nineveh, and Habakkuk on multiple nations surrounding struggling Judah.

Edom's Role and Judgment

Edom was a small nation that played “sidekick” to larger bullies like the Philistines and Arabians who invaded Judah. Obadiah's prophecy notes their cruelty, arrogance, and hypocrisy. God sent warnings of impending judgment to the people of Edom due to their sins against the people of Judah. The Edomites were descendants of Esau.

Fulfillment of Prophecies and Israel’s Restoration

In due course, these prophecies were fulfilled, and the nation of Edom faced destruction. Additionally, verses 19 to 21 of the book of Obadiah contain promises of Israel's restoration.

Obadiah 1:21 states:

And saviours shall come up on mount Zion to judge the mount of Esau; and the kingdom shall be the LORD'S.

Notable Point About the Book

Obadiah is the shortest book in the Old Testament, focusing on the judgment of Edom and the eventual restoration of Israel.

Overview of Jonah

Jonah is the fifth book of the minor prophets and the thirty-second book of the Bible. It was written by Jonah around 780 BC and consists of four chapters.

The Meaning of Jonah’s Name

The name Jonah means "a dove," which could symbolize peace or gentleness, fitting with the description of a dove in Hosea 7:11 and Hosea 11:11.

Jonah’s Mission and Reluctance

Jonah is famous for being swallowed by a giant fish after he refused to prophesy to the kingdom of Nineveh. He was tasked with delivering God's message to the people of Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, Israel's hated enemies who would later conquer and enslave them.

God's Desire for Repentance

The book of Jonah exemplifies God's desire for repentance and salvation for all people, as stated in 2 Peter 3:9: "not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance". Jonah is often referred to as the "reluctant" or "runaway prophet" who required God's gentle persuasion to fulfill his mission.

Jonah 1:17 states:

Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights.

A Symbol of Jesus Christ

This event serves as a symbol or "type" of Jesus and the three days and three nights He spent in the grave, as mentioned in Matthew 12:40-41. Clearly, those who believe and celebrate that Jesus was crucified on "Good Friday" and rose on "Easter Sunday" are not honouring the true Jesus Christ, as that would account for only two nights and one day.

Notable Point About the Book

Jesus used Jonah as a sign to authenticate Himself in Matthew 12\. Jonah 1:17 and the three days and nights in the fish’s belly is a precursor to Jesus’ time in the tomb.

Overview of Micah

Micah is the sixth book of the minor prophets and the thirty-third book of the Bible. It was written by Micah around 735 to 710 BC and consists of seven chapters.

The Meaning of Micah’s Name

The name Micah signifies "who is like Jehovah".

Micah’s Prophetic Ministry

Micah prophesied at the same time as Isaiah and Hosea. He delivered his messages during the tragic and historic years surrounding the Assyrian invasion of the Northern Kingdom. Micah's earlier prophecies concern judgment on the kingdoms of Israel and Judah for their idolatry. His later prophecies focus on the future kingdom that Jesus spoke of.

Micah 5:2 states:

But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.

Notable Point About the Book

Micah 5:2 is a well-known prophecy that foretells the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem.

Overview of Nahum

Nahum is the seventh book of the minor prophets and the thirty-fourth book of the Bible. It was written by Nahum around 650 BC and consists of three chapters.

The Meaning of Nahum’s Name

The name Nahum means "comfort" or "consolation".

Nahum’s Prophecies Against Nineveh

The book of Nahum exclusively focuses on God’s pending judgment against Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. About 200 years after Jonah preached to Nineveh, God sent Nahum to deliver a message about its impending destruction and the reasons behind it. Unlike Jonah's message, Nahum's warning was not heeded, and the Ninevites did not repent.

Fulfillment of Nahum’s Prophecy

God was true to His word brought through Nahum. The Medean army took Nineveh in 612 BC and destroyed it forever. The city was only rediscovered when it was excavated in the 1800s AD.

Notable Point About the Book

Many of God’s prophecies, like those in Nahum, came at seemingly strange times. Assyria was very strong at the time of Nahum’s prophecy. Yet, 40 years after Nahum prophesied the complete destruction of Nineveh, the Assyrian army took the Jews from the Northern Kingdom into exile. This seemed to be a victorious time for the Assyrians, but Nahum's prophecy came to pass as foretold.

Overview of Habakkuk

Habakkuk is the eighth book of the minor prophets and the thirty-fifth book of the Bible. It was written by Habakkuk around 615 to 605 BC and consists of three chapters.

The Meaning of Habakkuk’s Name

The name Habakkuk means "the one who embraces". Habakkuk clung to God regardless of circumstances.

Habakkuk’s Prophetic Ministry

Habakkuk cried out to God during a very dark time in Israel. He likely prophesied in the first five years of King Jehoiakim’s reign, a king who led the people into evil. The Assyrians had already taken control of the Northern Kingdom (Kingdom of Israel) after a brutal invasion more than 100 years earlier. Habakkuk preached from the Southern Kingdom (Kingdom of Judah), which was still intact but less than 50 years away from its own invasion by Babylon that would destroy the Temple and take 10,000 Jews into captivity.

Habakkuk’s Dialogues with God

The style of the book of Habakkuk is characterized by a series of questions and answers exchanged between Habakkuk and God.

Habakkuk 2:4 states:

Behold, his soul which is lifted up is not upright in him: but the just shall live by his faith.

Notable Points About the Book

Habakkuk reveals to us that "the just shall live by his faith," a theme echoed by Paul numerous times throughout the New Testament.

Overview of Zephaniah

Zephaniah is the ninth book of the minor prophets and the thirty-sixth book of the Bible. It was written by Zephaniah around 635 to 625 BC and consists of three chapters.

The Meaning of Zephaniah’s Name

Zephaniah was a descendant of King Hezekiah, and his name means "Jehovah hides" or "treasured by God".

Zephaniah’s Prophetic Ministry

He prophesied during the early years of King Josiah's reign and witnessed a spiritual revival in the later years. Zephaniah's message foretold impending judgment, yet he also offered words of comfort to the faithful. While the book begins with themes of judgment and sorrow, it concludes with songs of joy. The final chapter contains what is described as "one of the sweetest songs of the Old Testament".

Notable Point About the Book

The "Day of the Lord" or “Gospel Day” is spoken of 20 times in this book.

Overview of Haggai

Haggai is the tenth book of the minor prophets and the thirty-seventh book of the Bible. It was written by Haggai around 526 BC and consists of two chapters.

The Meaning of Haggai’s Name

The name Haggai is believed to be a shortened form of Haggiah, which means "Festival of Jehovah".

Haggai’s Background and Prophetic Ministry

Haggai is thought to have been born during the Babylonian captivity and later returned to Jerusalem with many other Jews. During his time, the rebuilding of the Temple had halted due to people making excuses. In reality, they were more focused on constructing their own houses than on rebuilding "the house of the Lord".

Haggai’s Message

Haggai encouraged the people to prioritize God and complete the rebuilding of "the LORD'S house".

Notable Point About the Book

Haggai is known as one of the few prophets to whom the people of Israel actually listened and obeyed.

Overview of Zechariah

Zechariah is the eleventh book of the minor prophets and the thirty-eighth book of the Bible. It was written by Zechariah around 520 to 484 BC and consists of fourteen chapters.

The Meaning of Zechariah’s Name

The name Zechariah means "Jehovah remembers," serving as a reminder that God had not and does not forget His covenant with His people.

Zechariah’s Prophetic Ministry

The first eight chapters of Zechariah are directed to the builders of the Second Temple and the returnees from the Babylonian exile. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai, but while Haggai's messages were full of caution, Zechariah's were full of hope and encouragement.

Prophecies Concerning the Messiah

The final six chapters of Zechariah's book foretell the coming of the Messiah.

Notable Point About the Book

Zechariah contains the most references to the coming Messiah of any of the minor prophets.

Overview of Malachi

Malachi is the twelfth and last book of the minor prophets and also the thirty-ninth book of the Bible, marking the end of the Old Testament. It was written by Malachi around 433 to 424 BC and consists of four chapters.

The Meaning of Malachi’s Name

The name Malachi means "messenger of Jehovah".

Malachi’s Prophetic Ministry

By the time Malachi wrote, Judah had returned from the Babylonian exile for more than 100 years. However, rather than serving God, they were looking for blessings. Malachi observed that the people were engaged in a mere "form of worship," lacking sincerity from the heart. They also practiced idolatry and entered into marriages with idol worshippers.

Malachi 2:11 states:

Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which he loved, and hath married the daughter of a strange god.

Warning Against False Ministries

In the preceding verses of chapter 2, it becomes evident that it was the priests who led the people into wickedness. This serves as a solemn warning for our time, highlighting the dangers of false ministries leading people astray into false beliefs, idol worship, and empty rituals.

Malachi’s Call for Repentance

Throughout the book, Malachi passionately denounces these sins and calls for repentance. Additionally, prophecies are made regarding the coming of John the Baptist, symbolically referred to as Elijah, and the arrival of Jesus. This Elijah was not the actual prophet or his spirit but rather someone in the same character and nature.

Malachi 4:5 states:

Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD.

Malachi 4:2 states:

But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.

The Silent Years

Between Malachi and John the Baptist, who was the last Old Testament prophet, there was a period of about 400 years known as the "silent years," during which there was no prophetic voice in Israel.

THE GREATEST PROPHET

Although the prophets foretold the coming of the Messiah, they did not have a complete understanding of when or how this would occur.

1 Peter 1:10-12 states:

Of which salvation the prophets have enquired and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that should come unto you: Searching what, or what manner of time the Spirit of Christ which was in them did signify, when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ, and the glory that should follow. Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us they did minister the things, which are now reported unto you by them that have preached the Gospel unto you with the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven; which things the angels desire to look into.

Moses’ Prophecy of the Great Prophet

Moses prophesied about "a Prophet" who would speak God's words.

Deuteronomy 18:15-18 states:

The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken; According to all that thou desiredst of the LORD thy God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, Let me not hear again the voice of the LORD my God, neither let me see this great fire any more, that I die not. And the LORD said unto me, They have well spoken that which they have spoken. I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him.

Jesus as the Fulfillment of Moses’ Prophecy

Peter informed us that this great Prophet referred to by Moses was indeed "Jesus".

Acts 3:20-22 states:

And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you: Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you.

Jesus: The Greatest Prophet

Before the coming of Jesus, God communicated through His prophets, but now, the Bible states:

Hebrews 1:1-2 states:

God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;

Jesus is indeed the greatest Prophet of all. He is the Prophet of the Gospel day.

INTRODUCTION \- JESUS AND THE MORNING CHURCH

The Significance of Jesus' Life and Death

In the next section of this Study Guide, you'll delve into the books of the Bible that document the most significant event in history: the life and death of Jesus Christ on earth, notably His crucifixion at Calvary.

This marks the dawn of the Gospel era, where the church emerges, and the kingdom of God begins to manifest on earth. You'll discover that each gospel offers a unique perspective on Jesus, yet together they paint a comprehensive portrait of our Savior, guiding us to live and walk in His footsteps.

The Impact of the Early Church

By emulating the faith and commitment of the early believers, you'll witness the profound impact your life can have, just as they spread the gospel to the farthest reaches of the earth.

It's a true blessing to have these events recorded, helping us grasp the significance of Jesus Christ and how His presence within us not only transforms us but also influences those around us in profound ways.

THE BIBLE – THE GOSPELS

Good News

The initial four books of the New Testament are termed the "Gospels". The word "Gospel" translates to "Good News" and these books convey the good news of Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament foretold the coming of the Messiah, the gospel writers declared, "He has come\!"

Prophecies of the Messiah

Isaiah particularly prophesied about the advent of the Christ.

Isaiah 61:1-3 states:

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.

Jesus' Fulfillment of Prophecy

Jesus affirmed Isaiah's prophecy in Luke 4:21, declaring, "Today this Scripture is fulfilled in your hearing". He came to fulfill and complete what was foretold "in the law of Moses, in the prophets, and in the Psalms," as He mentioned towards the end of His earthly ministry.

Luke 24:44 states:

These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.

The Superior Covenant

The Old Covenant was flawed, but Jesus ushered in a superior Covenant built on better promises.

Hebrews 8:6 states:

But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.

The Synoptic Gospels

The initial three Gospels are commonly known as the "Synoptic Gospels". Matthew, Mark, and Luke offer a synopsis or a broad overview of the same subject, presenting a shared outline of Jesus' life. These Gospels exhibit striking similarities in both wording and content.

Meaning of "Synoptic"

The term "synoptic" originates from the Greek word SYNOPTIKOS, which carries two main meanings:

• To provide a general view of the whole.
• To present or adopt the same or common perspective.

The Gospel of John

The final Gospel, John, doesn't encompass as many events recounted in the Synoptic Gospels. Instead, it emphasizes the spiritual essence of Jesus Christ and His identity.

• Symbolic Language in John’s Gospel: John frequently employs symbolic language to depict Jesus as "the bread of life," "the door," "the true vine," and more.

Introduction to Jesus’ Ministry

In the very first chapter, John introduces us to "the Lamb of God," laying the foundation and purpose for Jesus' ministry.

John 1:29 states:

The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

The Unrecorded Actions of Jesus

John informs us that his Gospel does not contain all the actions of Jesus.

John 20:30 states:

And many other signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book:

The Purpose of John’s Gospel

In the final verse of his Gospel, John emphasizes his desire for readers to truly comprehend the identity of Jesus.

John 20:31 states:

But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.

WHY DO WE NEED FOUR GOSPELS?

The Authors of the Gospels

The authors of the Gospels are traditionally believed to be Matthew, a tax collector; John Mark, a young Jewish man; Luke, a Gentile physician; and John, a fisherman. Due to their diverse backgrounds, their writings offer various perspectives and purposes.

Each Gospel emphasizes different aspects of Jesus's identity and mission. Together, like the components of a musical chord, these four writers present a complete and harmonious portrayal of Christ.

The Importance of Understanding the Authors' Perspectives

Understanding the background of each writer and their intentions is crucial when reading the Gospels. Each author had a distinct audience and purpose in mind, which influenced how they presented Jesus.

Matthew's Gospel

Matthew's Gospel reassures the Jews that the promised King-Messiah has arrived, fulfilling the prophecy of Zechariah.

Zechariah 9:9 states:

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.

And it finds its fulfillment in Jesus.

Matthew 21:4-5 states:

All this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, Tell ye the daughter of Sion, Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, and a colt the foal of an ass.

Mark's Gospel

Mark's Gospel was written with the Romans in mind. It portrays Jesus as the Servant-Messiah, a Savior who came to serve others.

Mark 10:45 states:

For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.

Luke's Gospel

Luke's Gospel was intended for the Greeks, presenting the Messiah as the Son of Man who came to save what was lost.

Luke 19:10 states:

For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost.

John's Gospel

John's Gospel is universally applicable, addressing all people.

John 3:16 states:

For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

John depicted Jesus as the Son of God and portrayed Him as a personal Savior who came to offer spiritual life.

John 10:10 states:

The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly.

The Significance of the Languages

When Jesus was crucified, a signboard detailing the charge against Him was affixed above His head on the Cross. This inscription was written in three languages: Hebrew (Aramaic), Latin, and Greek, reflecting the diverse population of Jerusalem at the time:

• Aramaic was the common language of the Jewish people.
• Latin was the official language of the Roman authorities.
• Greek was widely spoken throughout the Eastern Roman Empire and was the language of culture and commerce.

Each of these Gospels helps us to understand the Good News of Jesus Christ from different perspectives, providing a richer, more complete picture of His life and mission.

THE FOUR GOSPELS

Overview of Matthew

Matthew is the first book of the Gospels, the first book of the New Testament, and the fortieth book of the Bible. It was written by Matthew around 50 to 60 A.D. and consists of twenty-eight chapters.

Matthew’s Role as a Bridge

As the first book of the New Testament, it acts as a bridge from the Old Testament's message that "the Messiah is coming" to "the Messiah has arrived". Matthew, also known as Levi, was a tax collector who eagerly chose to follow Jesus as His disciple. The Gospel of Matthew starts with a genealogy of Jesus tracing back to Abraham, proving that many Old Testament prophecies about this lineage were fulfilled in His birth.

Matthew's Emphasis on Prophecy

Matthew directly quotes the Old Testament 53 times and makes 76 allusions to it, demonstrating how Jesus was the prophesied Messiah. Matthew refers to Jesus as "Son of David" in Chapter 1, "King of the Jews" in Chapter 2, and "Son of the living God" in Chapter 16\.

Notable Points About the Book

This book is often described as "written by a Jew, about a Jew, for the Jews". It is also known as "the Sayings" because it records many of Jesus' sayings.

Overview of Mark

Mark is the second book of the Gospels and the forty-first book of the Bible. It was written by Mark around 50 to 60 A.D. and comprises sixteen chapters.

Mark’s Background and Relationship with Peter

John Mark is thought to have first been a friend of Peter before traveling with Paul and Barnabas on Paul’s first missionary journey around Asia Minor. Historians have referred to this book as “Peter’s Gospel,” because its style is very similar to Peter’s addresses and messages in Acts as well as his two epistles.

Structure and Purpose of Mark’s Gospel

The structure of Mark’s Gospel provides the key to its written purpose:

• The first half of the Gospel focuses on Jesus' identity as the mighty Messiah and Son of God.
• The second half is about Jesus' mission to suffer and die as an atoning sacrifice for our sins. His commitment and faithfulness to this mission become the example for all followers.

Notable Points About the Book

Mark includes many of Jesus' miracles to demonstrate how powerful, kind, and merciful God is. The Gospel of Mark does not mention the birth or childhood of Jesus but starts with the ministry of John the Baptist. While Matthew presents Jesus as King, Mark presents Jesus as a humble Servant of man.

Overview of Luke

Luke is the third book of the Gospels and the forty-second book of the Bible. It was written by Luke around 60 to 61 A.D. and comprises twenty-four chapters.

Luke’s Identity and Role

Luke is believed to be "the beloved physician" who traveled with Paul and also the writer of the Book of Acts.

Colossians 4:14 states:

Luke, the beloved physician, and Demas, greet you.

Both the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts are dedicated to Theophilus, who is believed to be a high-ranking Roman official.

Luke’s Purpose for Writing

Luke explains his reason for writing this Gospel:

Luke 1:1-4 states:

Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.

Luke aimed to provide a precise account of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. Although Luke was not an eyewitness to these events, he is believed to have interviewed people who were, including Jesus' mother, Mary.

Notable Points About the Book

Luke is the only Gentile writer in the New Testament. While Matthew attempts to prove Christ’s kingship, Luke shows Jesus as the one who offers salvation to all humanity—Jew and Gentile alike.

Overview of John

John is the fourth book of the Gospels and the forty-third book of the Bible. It was written by John around 80 to 90 A.D. and comprises twenty-one chapters.

John’s Identity and Contributions

John, the son of Zebedee and brother of James, wrote this Gospel, three epistles, and the Book of Revelation. John did not tell the story of Jesus’ birth. Instead, he reached back into eternity to start his Gospel with "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God".

John’s Emphasis on Jesus' Divinity

John wanted to ensure that people knew Jesus was not just a great prophet, miracle worker, or teacher. He was “the only begotten Son of God”. Jesus was different from us; we are born of men, and Jesus was born of God.

John 20:30-31 states:

And many other signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book: But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.

The Spiritual Gospel

This book is often referred to as "the spiritual Gospel" because it reveals the heart and spiritual truth of Jesus Christ.

John 3:16 states:

For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

Notable Point in This Book

Seven times Jesus identifies himself as “I AM” to show Himself as the mighty God who spoke to Moses out of the burning bush.

John 8:58 states:

Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am.

THE GOSPELS WRITTEN SO THAT YOU CAN BELIEVE

The Purpose of the Gospels

The narratives, teachings, and sayings contained in the Gospels do not constitute exhaustive biographies of Jesus. Instead, they provide carefully selected accounts meant to convey the essential truths about His life, identity, and mission.

John 21:25 states:

And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen.

The Reliability of the Gospels

Furthermore, these accounts are not "cunningly devised fables," as Peter reassures us. They are based on eyewitness testimonies and are divinely inspired.

2 Peter 1:16 states:

For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of his majesty.

The Gospels as a Source of Guidance

Indeed, through the inspiration of the Holy Spirit and eyewitness accounts, we have the privilege of accessing the life and teachings of Jesus today through the Gospels. These writings have been a source of guidance for believers throughout history, often referred to as "followers of the Way". The Gospels not only instruct us on how to live, speak, and share the Good News, but they also deepen our understanding of Christ's character and mission.

Which Gospel to Start With?

As for a favourite Gospel, while each has its unique perspective and value, many recommend that new believers start with the Gospel of John due to its clarity in presenting Jesus' identity and purpose. Additionally, reading John's first epistle can provide further insight and reinforcement of foundational Christian beliefs.

The Four Gospel Writers

The diverse parameters of the four Gospel testimonies are recorded across key instructional aspects below:

Matthew:

• Audience: Jews
• Background: Tax Collector
• Theme: Messiah King

Mark:

• Audience: Romans
• Background: Young Jewish Man
• Theme: Servant King

Luke:

• Audience: Greeks
• Background: Gentile Physician
• Theme: Son of Man

John:

• Audience: Everyone
• Background: Fisherman
• Theme: Son of God

MORNING CHURCH HISTORY

Acts of the Apostles

Acts of the Apostles is the fifth book of the New Testament and the forty-fourth book of the Bible. It was written by Luke, who also wrote the Gospel that bears his name, around 62 A.D. It consists of twenty-eight chapters.

The Title and Focus of the Book

Since the second century, this book has been known as "Acts" or "Acts of the Apostles". Some suggest a more accurate title might be "Acts of the Holy Spirit," but this could be misleading because not everything that happened during this forty-year period was directly commanded by Jesus. A more fitting title could be "Acts of the Church".

Luke accurately documents the activities of the church through the apostles and their ministry over forty years. This era marks the transition from the Old Testament and the Law of Moses to the New Testament, embracing the law and freedom found in Christ.

The Transitional Period

It is believed that God granted the Jewish nation and people a transitional period of 40 years. This was a period of "grace," allowing the Jewish people to transition from the law and traditions of Moses, which catered to the flesh, to embracing Christ and "walking in the Spirit". This concept will be explored in detail in the module "The Ordinances of The New Covenant".

The Historical Nature of Acts

The Book of Acts was not written in the style of the Gospel books that precede it, nor in the style of the Epistle books that follow, but as a historical account of speeches and events as they occurred. The Book of Acts includes more than twenty speeches.

When Luke first wrote his Gospel and the Book of Acts, they formed a single work, which was later divided into two books. The Book of Acts is a continuation of his Gospel, which becomes clear when reading Luke’s 24th chapter and then moving on to the first chapter of Acts. However, there is a noticeable shift in focus between his Gospel and the Book of Acts.

The Shift from Jesus to the Apostles

In Luke’s Gospel, the emphasis is on Jesus, His actions, and teachings.

Acts 1:1-2a states:

The former treatise have I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach, Until the day in which he was taken up,…

In the Book of Acts, the focus shifts from Jesus to the apostles and their ministry, highlighting what they did in response to their understanding of Jesus' commands.

Acts 1:2 states:

Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen:

The True Baptism

It is interesting that Jesus gave commands concerning His baptism in Acts 1\.

Acts 1:5 states:

For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.

It took Peter about 10 years after this to fully understand what Jesus had said when the first recorded Gentiles were born again.

Acts 11:16 states:

Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that he said, John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost.

This raises questions about what Peter was doing in the 10 years leading up to that moment of understanding. This topic will be explored in detail in the module "The Ordinances of The New Covenant".

Notable Points in the Book of Acts

• Chapters 1-12 primarily follow Peter until his belief in preaching to the Gentiles is fulfilled.
• Chapters 13-28 primarily follow Paul and his missionary journeys far and wide.
• The book ends before either man is martyred for the faith, which is why it is dated in the early 60s A.D.

ALL ONE IN CHRIST JESUS

Jesus' Teachings and Guidance

While Jesus was physically present on earth, He provided teachings and guidance to His disciples in a tangible, sensory manner. However, after His ascension, direct physical interaction and guidance from Jesus were no longer possible. Paul emphasizes this truth in 2 Corinthians 5:16:

2 Corinthians 5:16 states:

Wherefore henceforth know we no man after the flesh: yea, though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him no more.

Guidance Through the Holy Spirit

After experiencing spiritual rebirth on the day of Pentecost through the "baptism of Christ in the Holy Spirit," the apostles continued to receive guidance and direction from Jesus through the witness of the Spirit.

Romans 8:16 states:

The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God:

Initially, following the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, the apostles primarily preached the gospel in Jerusalem to the Jewish community. However, in the Great Commission, Jesus instructed them to extend their ministry to Judea, Samaria, and the entire world, emphasizing that the gospel was not exclusively for the Jews but also for the Gentiles.

The Transition to Include Gentiles

Despite this directive, it took approximately ten years before the first Gentile was recorded as being added to the "Lamb's book of Life". This delay can be understood in the context of the Jewish tradition of maintaining separation from idol-worshipping nations, a practice ingrained over centuries.

This period of transition, which we'll delve into further in the module on "The Ordinances of the New Covenant," highlights God's plan to gradually shift the understanding of His kingdom.

Initially, both the apostles and many Jewish individuals struggled to grasp the idea that all people are equal in God's eyes, as Paul later expounded upon.

Galatians 3:28 states:

There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.

This truth only became evident to Peter approximately ten years after Pentecost, through a vision he received regarding clean and unclean animals in Acts chapter 10\. Through this revelation, God showed Peter that no person should be considered "common or unclean".

Acts 10:28 states:

And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.

Paul, called by God to be an apostle to the Gentiles, also wrote that true Jewish identity is not determined by outward appearance. Instead, "he is a Jew, which is one inwardly".

Romans 2:28-29 states:

For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh: But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.

THE GOSPEL SPREADS

Persecution as a Catalyst

Persecution served as a catalyst for the spread of the gospel. The disciples of Christ departed from Jerusalem due to the imprisonment of many believers. However, wherever they sought refuge, they remained steadfast witnesses for Jesus.

Acts 8:4 states:

Therefore they that were scattered abroad went every where preaching the word.

Paul's Missionary Journeys

In the latter portion of the Book of Acts, we encounter Paul's missionary endeavours. Throughout these journeys, the Gospel was proclaimed, leading to numerous conversions and salvations. This marked the fulfillment of the Great Commission, as churches, or more accurately, congregations, were established, and individuals were saved.

Acts 16:5 states:

And so were the churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily.

The Singular Church

According to Jesus' own words in Matthew 16:18, He declared, "I will build my church," using the singular form, not plural. Similarly, Paul underscores the unity of the body of Christ, emphasizing that it is singular—the church.

Colossians 1:18 states:

And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.

There may be numerous congregations of the church of God, but there is only one body and one Church.

Ephesians 4:4 states:

There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling;

Paul's Witness in Rome

The final chapters of Acts recount Paul's imprisonment and his eventual journey to Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. Yet even this was part of God's divine plan.

Acts 23:11 states:

And the night following the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.

Paul seized opportunities to bear witness to Claudius Lysias, a chief captain, Felix, a governor, Festus, another governor, and Herod Agrippa, a king. His testimony and message were so compelling that King Agrippa was deeply moved, almost persuaded to embrace the Christian faith.

Acts 26:28 states:

Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.

The final chapter of Acts reveals that although Paul was under guard, he was allowed to reside in "his own rented house". During this time, he wrote numerous letters and preached to those who visited him. Tradition holds that Paul eventually appeared before Caesar and was likely beheaded during the persecution of Christians under Emperor Nero.

The Enduring Power of the Gospel

Despite Paul's death, the gospel continued to spread. Through the Gospels and Acts of the church, we have an accurate written record, ensuring that people today can still hear and encounter the Gospel message.

Acts 16:31 states:

And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house.

The gospel entails being a living witness, a living epistle, to the gospel of Jesus Christ.

SUMMARY

The Old Testament prophets played a crucial role in conveying God's messages to the people of Israel, offering guidance, warning, and encouragement. These prophetic books, which include the Major and Minor Prophets, are not arranged chronologically but are divided based on their length and content.

The Major Prophets—Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, and Daniel—are known for their longer texts, while the Minor Prophets consist of shorter books.

The Major Prophets

• Isaiah: Known as the "Prince of Prophets". Significant for his prophecies about the coming of the Messiah, including His birth and suffering.
• Jeremiah: Known as the "weeping prophet". Warned Judah of its destruction and exile by Babylon.
• Lamentations: Also written by Jeremiah. Mourns the fall of Jerusalem.
• Ezekiel: Prophesied during the Babylonian exile. Used vivid imagery to convey messages of judgment and hope, including the vision of the Valley of Dry Bones.
• Daniel: Known for his unwavering faith. Provided detailed visions of future events, including the coming of the Messiah and the end times.

The Minor Prophets

• Hosea: His marriage symbolized Israel's unfaithfulness to God and His enduring love.
• Joel: Warned of a locust plague. Foretold the outpouring of God's Spirit at Pentecost.
• Amos: Condemned social injustices in Israel. Called for true worship.
• Obadiah: Pronounced judgment on Edom for its mistreatment of Israel.
• Jonah: Famous for his mission to Nineveh. His message led the city to repentance.
• Micah: Foretold the birth of the Messiah in Bethlehem.
• Nahum: Predicted the destruction of Nineveh.
• Habakkuk: Questioned God's justice but ultimately affirmed that "the just shall live by faith".
• Zephaniah: Warned of the coming "Day of the Lord". Spoke of future restoration.
• Haggai: Encouraged the rebuilding of the temple after the exile.
• Zechariah: Offered hope to the returning exiles. Prophesied the coming of the Messiah.
• Malachi: Called for repentance. Foretold the coming of John the Baptist.

The New Testament Gospels

• Matthew: Emphasizes Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies.
• Mark: Portrays Jesus as the Servant-Messiah.
• Luke: Highlights Jesus' role as the Savior for all humanity.
• John: Focuses on Jesus' divine nature.

Together, these accounts provide a comprehensive understanding of Jesus' identity and mission.

The Book of Acts

Acts continues the narrative:

• Documents the early church's growth.
• Chronicles the spread of the Gospel through the apostles, particularly Peter and Paul.

Despite persecution, the message of Jesus Christ spread far and wide. You should now prayerfully review this Study Guide.

SUBMISSION TO COGMA FOR APPRAISAL

Instructions

Complete this section after you have finished the Study Guide. It must be completed online.

The link is located at the bottom of the online Study Guide – https://cogma.com.au/

Your answers should reflect your understanding, your personal response, and how you intend to live by the truth you have studied.

Answer honestly and be specific.

1. Main Truth

What is the most important truth this Study Guide has shown you about how God transitions His message from the warnings of the Old Testament prophets to the dawn of the Gospel Day?

2. Understanding

In your own words, explain how simplicity, logic, and Scripture reveal that the diverse backgrounds of the four Gospel writers work harmoniously together to provide a complete and comprehensive picture of Christ's character and mission?

3. Personal Reflection

What has this Study Guide revealed about your ability to test and discern true, God-appointed prophetic messages and false ministries that lead modern congregations into an empty form of worship?

4. Response to Truth

What truth in this Study Guide regarding the inward, spiritual transition from the physical ordinances of Moses to the true law written on the heart under the New Covenant has challenged or corrected your thinking the most, and why?

5. Action Step — Required

What is one specific and practical action you have taken, or will take, to emulate the early church by walking in the Spirit and ensuring you treat no person as common or unclean?

6. Early Response — Required

Have you begun to act on this?

• [ ] Yes
• [ ] Not yet

If yes, what has changed so far? If not, what has prevented you?

7. Ongoing Practice

What will you continue to practise in your daily walk to ensure you evaluate other believers based on their inward spiritual condition and stand as a living witness for the one singular Church?

8. Doctrinal Clarity

What key truth about the exact sign of Jonah representing Christ spending a literal three days and three nights in the tomb do you now understand more clearly?

9. Living the Truth

What is the practical difference between merely understanding the historical layout of the Major and Minor prophets and actively allowing the words of the greatest Prophet, Jesus Christ, to guide your daily steps?

10. Final Response

What is one specific area of inner transformation, structural bible study, or dedication to the house of the Lord that you want to continue growing in after completing this Study Guide?