INTRODUCTION

We begin an important Study Guide called Understanding the Bible.

In this study, you will learn why the Bible is important, why God gave it to humanity, how it is structured, and the many benefits that come when we read, study, and apply its truth.

For followers of Jesus Christ, the Bible is essential. It contains the words of God, helps us understand Him, and teaches us how to live. The Bible is our guide for life.

This Study Guide will give you a foundational understanding of the Bible’s purpose and origins, so you can approach it with clarity and confidence.

THE BIBLE — WHAT IS IT?

God’s Words to Man

On the sixth day of Creation, Genesis 1:27 states that God created man in His own image.

From the beginning, God has communicated with both men and women. Adam heard the voice of God in the Garden of Eden “in the cool of the day.”

Genesis 3:8 states:

And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden.

I.God’s Words Recorded

God gave clear instructions to Noah for building the Ark. He also called Abraham out of the land of Ur. God did not only speak directly to people; He also desired His words to be written down and preserved for future generations.

For example, when Amalek fought against Israel, God told Moses in Exodus 17:14 to “Write this for a memorial in a book,” so the people would not forget.

The written Word is important.

Romans 15:4 states:

For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

II.The Testimony of Jesus

In the Scriptures, we find hope, guidance, and a future because they testify of Jesus.

John 5:39 states:

Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me.

Without Jesus, the Bible would have no true meaning. He is the heart of this precious Book. He is the link between the Old Testament and the New Testament, and He is the central theme of the whole Bible.

• The Old Testament announces, “Jesus is coming.”
• The New Testament declares, “Jesus has come.”

Two Testaments

I.The Structure of the Bible

When we read the Bible, we find that it is not one single book, but a library of 66 books. The word “Bible” comes from the Greek word biblia, meaning “books.”

The Bible is divided into two main parts:

• The Old Testament
• The New Testament

II.The Covenant Relationship

Another word for “testament” is “covenant.” This speaks of the relationship God entered into with humanity. A covenant is God’s promise to humanity.

The New Testament is also called the “second” covenant in Hebrews 8:7 and the “better” covenant in Hebrews 7:22.

Hebrews 7:22 states:

By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.

III.The Better Covenant Explained

Why is the New Covenant a better testament? We must let the Bible explain this.

Hebrews 7:23–25 states:

And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death: But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

IV.The Interconnected Testaments

The Old Testament is the foundation for the New Testament, and the New Testament builds upon that foundation. We cannot fully understand either Testament without the other.

The prophecies in the Old Testament were fulfilled in Jesus, but their full meaning was made clear through His life, death, and resurrection.

More than 250 Scriptures from the Old Testament are quoted in the New Testament. The Book of Revelation also uses many Old Testament symbols and references.

V.The Necessity of Both Testaments

To understand the whole counsel of God and the revelation of Jesus Christ, both Testaments are necessary. This is shown in John 5:39, and also in the Gospel of Luke.

Luke 24:27, 44 state:

And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself. And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.

Point to Remember

At the time Jesus spoke during His literal coming, the Scriptures were Genesis to Malachi.

God’s Word Is Settled

I.Divine Inspiration of the Bible

The Bible was written over about 1,500 years by at least 40 writers. It was written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Some people question whether the Bible is only the words of men, but Scripture teaches that all Scripture is inspired by God.

2 Timothy 3:16 states:

All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:

The words of the Bible did not come from human will alone. They were written by men who were moved by God.

2 Peter 1:21 states:

For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.

II.Unity in Diversity

The writers of the Bible came from many different backgrounds. They included kings, prophets, shepherds, priests, and fishermen. Many of them did not have access to each other’s writings, yet the Bible gives one united message.

That message centres on redemption through Jesus Christ. This unity shows that God is the true Author of Scripture.

Although the Bible is ancient, it is still relevant today. It speaks to every age and to every human need.

Hebrews 4:12 states:

For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.

The word “quick” means alive. God’s Word is living and powerful. It speaks to us today and reveals the thoughts and intentions of the heart.

III.Endurance of God’s Word

The Bible has faced great hatred throughout history. Rulers, including Caesars and kings, have tried to destroy it, burn it, and remove it from society. Nations have made laws against it, yet it remains the most widely distributed book in history.

Human efforts cannot destroy God’s Word. It is firmly established in Heaven.

Psalm 119:89 states:

For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven.

Matthew 24:35 states:

Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.

The Gospel we proclaim is the timeless and enduring Word of God. It will never fade away.

Arrangement of the Bible

I.Categories of Books

The books of the Bible are not arranged in the order in which events happened. Instead, they are grouped into categories.

Many scholars believe that Job is the oldest book in the Bible. Although it is one of the earliest writings, it is grouped with the poetic books such as Psalms and Proverbs.

The Bible is organised into two main sections.

II.The Old Testament

• The first five books are known as the Law.
• The next twelve books are Old Testament History.
• Five books are classified as Poetry.
• The final seventeen books are known as the Prophets.

III.The New Testament

• The first four books are called the Gospels.
• The book of Acts records the history of the early Church.
• The next twenty-one books are Epistles (letters). Thirteen of these are written by Paul and are often called the Pauline Epistles.
• The final book is Revelation. This prophetic book speaks about past, present, and future events relating to God’s Church.

IV.The Bible’s Relevance

The Bible speaks to every area of life. It provides truth, guidance, comfort, and strength, especially in times of difficulty and trial.

Jesus Is the Word

I.The Living Word

The Bible is God’s love letter to humanity. However, if we only read it without allowing it to shape us as God intended, we miss its purpose.

Jesus came from Heaven in the form of a man to help us understand God’s eternal message. He came to show humanity the way. In John chapter 1, Jesus is called “the Word.”

John 1:1 states:

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

John 1:14 states:

And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.

II.Jesus as the Embodiment of God’s Word

Jesus, the Word, became flesh and lived among us. He revealed the glory of the Father and came full of grace and truth.

Jesus embodies God’s Word and is the bridge between God and humanity. His sacrifice gives depth and meaning to the Bible. Without Him, the Scriptures would be only words on paper.

Reflecting on the Word

I.Receiving the Word

As you read and study the Bible, it is important to listen to the voice of God’s Spirit.

Reading the Bible should not be seen as a dull duty. God’s Word is living, and it should come alive in our hearts.

The Word of God is spiritual. Only Jesus can open our understanding so we can truly value, understand, and love the Bible.

II.Wisdom from D. L. Moody

D. L. Moody wisely said:

“If you are too busy to read the Bible every day, you are busier than Almighty God ever intended any human being to be. It’s better to let some things go and take time to read the Bible.”

III.Obeying the Word

As stated in Truth Magazine:

“No one is saved by buying a Bible they don’t read, nor is one saved by reading a Bible they don’t obey.”

The Man and the Birds

A Man Who Struggled to Believe

This is a story about a hardworking man who cared for his family. Although he was a good man in many ways, he struggled to believe that God came to earth as a man. When his family went to church, he stayed home.

A Snowy Evening

One snowy evening, while his family was at the worship service, the man heard strange thuds outside. When he looked out, he saw birds searching for shelter.

He thought of his warm barn, so he went outside, opened the barn doors, and turned on a light.

The Man’s Efforts

The man tried to guide the birds into the barn with breadcrumbs, but they were afraid of him and would not go in.

Then he realised that if he could become a bird and speak their language, they might trust him and follow him to safety.

A Moment of Realisation

As the church bells rang, the truth became clear to him. This is what God had done.

God sent His Son, Jesus, to earth as a man so people could understand His desire to save them. Just as the man wanted to guide the birds to safety, Jesus came to show humanity the way to salvation.

THE BIBLE — WHY SHOULD I READ IT?

The Bible Gives Guidance and Understanding

Have you ever asked, “Why was I born?” or “What am I meant to do with my life?” People have asked questions like these since the beginning of time.

It would be wonderful if there were one book that gave answers to life’s most important questions. There is such a book — the Bible.

I.Guidance for Life

The Bible gives understanding for every part of life. God’s Word shines light on our path and guides us in the way we should go.

Psalm 119:105 states:

Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path.

II.Surrendering to God’s Direction

Jeremiah teaches that people cannot truly direct their own steps.

Jeremiah 10:23 states:

O LORD, I know that the way of man is not in himself: it is not in man that walketh to direct his steps.

When we surrender control to God and acknowledge Him, He directs our path.

Proverbs 3:6 states:

In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.

Making daily Bible reading a priority helps us hear God’s guidance when making decisions.

III.Hearing God’s Voice

God is able to guide us clearly in the way we should walk.

Isaiah 30:21 states:

And thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk ye in it, when ye turn to the right hand, and when ye turn to the left.

The Bible Is Our Spiritual Food

I.Valuing God’s Word

We cannot survive for long without eating and drinking. In the same way, our spiritual life needs regular nourishment from God’s Word.

Job valued God’s Word more than his necessary food.

Job 23:12 states:

Neither have I gone back from the commandment of his lips; I have esteemed the words of his mouth more than my necessary food.

II.Nourishment for the Soul

The Bible often compares God’s Word to food because it nourishes the soul. When Jesus taught His disciples to pray, He taught them to ask for their daily bread.

Matthew 6:11 states:

Give us this day our daily bread.

III.Jesus as the Bread of Life

Jesus identified Himself as the Bread of Life. Those who come to Him will never hunger, and those who believe on Him will never thirst.

John 6:35 states:

And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.

Spiritual Growth

Peter urged believers to desire the “milk of the word.” This means we begin with simple, basic truths, just as newborn babies begin with milk.

1 Peter 2:2 states:

As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby:

As we grow physically, we move from milk to solid food. In the same way, as we grow spiritually, we need deeper understanding from God’s Word.

Hebrews 5:14 states:

But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

The Sweetness of God’s Word

God’s Word is also compared to honey. It is not only necessary for spiritual nourishment, but also brings sweetness, comfort, and guidance to the heart.

Psalm 19:9–10 states:

The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.

Summary of Benefits

Discovering comforting and uplifting Bible passages brings sweetness to our hearts. The Bible serves as:

• Essential nourishment: Job 23:12
• Daily sustenance: Matthew 6:11
• Source of life: John 6:35
• Fundamental wisdom: 1 Peter 2:2
• Profound understanding: Hebrews 5:14
• Sweetness and guidance: Psalm 19:9–10

Bible Reading Explains History, Culture, Laws, and Literature

I.Cultural Foundations

Much of our culture has its foundation in the Bible. As you become more familiar with it, you will better understand historical landmarks, literary references, figures of speech, famous speeches, and even many laws.

II.Historical and Literary References

In 1844, Samuel Morse sent the first public telegraph message using a Bible verse from Numbers 23:23: “What hath God wrought!”

Writers such as Shakespeare also drew heavily from the Bible, with hundreds of references throughout his works. This shows how deeply the Bible has influenced literature and history.

III.Common Idioms

Many everyday expressions come directly from the Bible. An idiom is a phrase that has a meaning different from the individual words.

Some common examples include:

• “See the handwriting on the wall” — Daniel 5
• “At their wits’ end” — Psalm 107:27
• “A drop in the bucket” — Isaiah 40:15
• “As old as the hills” — Job 15:7
• “By the skin of your teeth” — Job 19:20

IV.Spiritual Leadership

God’s true spiritual leaders trusted fully in Him and were committed to His Word. This helped them become effective in serving God and His Church.

The Bible has also influenced many legal systems around the world.

Bible Reading Prepares You to Give an Answer

I.Readiness to Explain

The Bible teaches that we should be ready to explain what we believe.

1 Peter 3:15 states:

But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear.

Instead of relying only on what others say, we are to understand and express our own faith clearly.

II.Studying the Bible

To be ready to answer others, we must study God’s Word.

Proverbs 15:28 states:

The heart of the righteous studieth to answer: but the mouth of the wicked poureth out evil things.

Just as we prepare for exams, we must prepare ourselves to respond to spiritual questions.

Points to Remember

• Preparation comes through reading and studying the Bible
• We are to give personal answers, not just repeat what others say
• Readiness for spiritual questions is important in everyday life

Bible Reading Is Required

I.God’s Command

One of the main reasons we read and study the Bible is because God commands it. Scripture shows the importance God places on His Word, described as His laws, precepts, and commandments.

God instructed His people to hear His Word, keep it, and teach it to others.

II.Meditating on God’s Word

God calls us not only to read His Word but to think on it continually.

Joshua 1:8 states:

This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success.

III.Promises of Blessings

God promises blessing to those who read, hear, and obey His Word.

Revelation 1:3 states:

Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.

God values not only reading His Word, but also living it out in daily life.

INTRODUCTION PART TWO

In the second half of this Study Guide, you will learn how the inspired words given to prophets and men of God were brought together to form the Bible as we know it today.

You will also understand how the books of the Bible are arranged, not in chronological order, but in a purposeful structure. This will help you gain confidence in the accuracy of the Bible and see how God has faithfully preserved His Word.

Despite many attempts to suppress it, God’s Word has endured through every age, making it possible for us today to read and understand His will.

THE BIBLE — HOW DID WE GET IT?

The Old Testament

I.Formation of the Bible

Have you ever considered how the different parts of the Bible—Law, History, Prophets, Psalms, Gospels, and Epistles—came together?

Over more than 1,500 years, at least 40 writers recorded words inspired by God. God guided each writer, showing them what to write and ensuring His Word would be preserved for future generations.

Psalm 102:18 states:

This shall be written for the generation to come: and the people which shall be created shall praise the LORD.

II.Preservation of the Law

After Moses wrote the Law, it was carefully preserved.

God instructed that a copy be kept beside the ark of the covenant. He also commanded that the Law be read regularly so the people would hear, learn, and obey.

Deuteronomy 31:10–12 states:

And Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven years, in the solemnity of the year of release, in the feast of tabernacles, When all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing. Gather the people together, men, and women, and children, and thy stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law:

III.Recording Israel’s History

Over time, God continued to inspire leaders to record Israel’s history, songs of praise, wisdom writings, and prophetic messages.

Scribes carefully copied these writings to preserve them as the original manuscripts aged and wore out.

Around 450 B.C., Jewish tradition says that Ezra, a priest and scribe, helped organise these writings into what Jesus referred to as “the Scriptures,” including the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms.

Luke 24:44 states:

And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.

The New Testament later refers to these writings as the Word of God. Historical records also show that no further books were added to the Old Testament after the time of Malachi.

IV.The Septuagint

In the third century B.C., the Old Testament was translated into Greek. This translation is known as the Septuagint, meaning “the translation of the seventy,” referring to the scholars who completed the work.

This translation helped many Jewish people who no longer understood Hebrew to read the Scriptures. It was widely used during the time of Jesus and the apostles.

Points to Remember

• The Old Testament was translated into Greek in the third century B.C.
• The name “Septuagint” refers to the seventy translators
• It was likely prepared for use in Alexandria
• It helped reach people who did not understand Hebrew
• It was widely used in the time of Jesus and the early Church

The New Testament

I.Formation and Chronology

As with the Old Testament, the New Testament books are not arranged in the order they were written.

Matthew’s Gospel was not the first New Testament book written. Many believe Paul’s letters were among the earliest New Testament writings, although exact dates are not always known.

These letters were shared among congregations. The Greek word ekklesia means “assembly” or “congregation.”

Colossians 4:16 states:

And when this epistle is read among you, cause that it be read also in the Church of the Laodiceans; and that ye likewise read the epistle from Laodicea.

II.Reading and Recognition

During worship services, these letters were read together with the Old Testament Scriptures.

1 Thessalonians 5:27 states:

I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read unto all the holy brethren.

God’s people recognised Paul’s letters as writings inspired by God. At first, the teachings of Jesus were passed on orally, but accurate written records became necessary.

Luke explained that written accounts were given so believers could have certainty about what they had been taught.

Luke 1:1–4 states:

Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us, Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word; It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus, That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.

III.The Gospel Writers

Matthew and John were eyewitnesses of Jesus’ ministry. Mark and Luke worked closely with those who had witnessed these events.

John’s writings were among the final writings of the New Testament. The New Testament was completed as a collection of twenty-seven writings by nine writers, or eight if Hebrews is attributed to Paul.

BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF EACH NEW TESTAMENT WRITER

Matthew

Matthew, also called Levi, was a tax collector chosen by Jesus as one of the twelve apostles. His work as a tax collector suggests he was able to read and write, which prepared him to record the Gospel.

Early church tradition recognises Matthew as the writer of the Gospel that bears his name.

Mark

Mark, also known as John Mark, is credited by the early church as the writer of the Gospel of Mark.

He was the cousin of Barnabas and was involved in early ministry. Although he was not one of the twelve apostles, he worked closely with key leaders such as Peter and Paul. His connection with Peter likely influenced the content of his Gospel.

Luke

Luke wrote the Gospel of Luke and the book of Acts. He is described as a physician and a fellow worker with Paul.

Luke travelled with Paul on missionary journeys. His careful attention to detail and orderly writing help provide a clear and reliable account of events.

John

John was one of the twelve apostles and worked as a fisherman. He was the brother of James.

He wrote the Gospel of John, three epistles, and the book of Revelation. John had a close relationship with Jesus and is often described as “the disciple whom Jesus loved.”

His writings form an important part of the New Testament and reveal deep spiritual truth.

Peter

Peter was one of the leading apostles and was originally a fisherman. He was the brother of Andrew.

He was known by several names, including Simon and Cephas. Peter was part of Jesus’ inner circle and played a major role in the early Church.

He wrote two epistles and is closely connected with the Gospel of Mark.

Paul

Paul was chosen by Jesus to take the Gospel to the Gentiles. He was not one of the original twelve apostles.

He came from a strong Jewish background and was a Pharisee. As a Roman citizen, he had certain legal rights which he used during times of persecution.

Before his conversion, he persecuted Christians. After encountering Jesus, his life changed, and he became a faithful servant of God, writing many of the New Testament epistles.

James

James, the writer of the Epistle of James, was a brother of Jesus.

Although he was not one of the twelve apostles, he became a key leader in the church at Jerusalem. He played an important role in guiding the early Church, including decisions about the law.

He also witnessed the risen Jesus.

Important Note

• Believers in the New Testament are not required to follow the Mosaic law
• The law of Moses pointed to and was fulfilled in Jesus Christ

Jude

Jude wrote a short epistle of 25 verses. He was the brother of James and also a brother of Jesus.

Although his Greek name is Judas, he is not the same as Judas who betrayed Jesus. Jude is known for strongly defending the truth and warning against false teaching.

THE CANON OF THE BIBLE

Measuring Rod

The word “canon” means “measuring rod.” It refers to the recognised list of books that belong in the Bible.

During the times of the Old and New Testaments, many writings existed. Some may have seemed suitable for inclusion, but God’s people needed to discern which writings should be accepted and which should be rejected.

The “measuring rod” included whether the writings were inspired by God, who the writers were, and whether the writings agreed with the accepted books of Scripture.

Books that were rejected often contained historical errors, were not quoted by Jesus or the apostles, or taught principles that did not agree with God’s Word.

From the beginning, God planned to preserve His Word. He knew exactly which writings belonged in Scripture because He inspired them.

Isaiah 40:8 states:

The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.

Points Regarding the Canon of Scripture

• It originally referred to “a reed” or “measuring rod”
• It came to mean “the norm” or “rule”
• It refers to the collection of writings inspired by God
• These writings are recognised as authoritative and binding

TRANSLATIONS

Reading the Bible in its original Hebrew or Greek form is challenging for most people. However, it is crucial for each of us to be able to read the Bible ourselves.

Vulgate

After the Greek translation known as the Septuagint, papal Rome gained dominance and, in 382 A.D., commissioned Jerome to create a Latin version called the “Vulgate.”

This Latin version became the standard for around 1000 years during the papal rule, a period known as the Dark Ages. While it cannot definitively be proven if the papacy intended to withhold God’s Word from the common people, their reaction to Bible translations into common languages suggests so.

The Latin Vulgate was written in a “dead language,” readable only by the educated. The common people could not read the Vulgate, and it was left to the educated, mostly Roman Catholic priests, to interpret the Scriptures.

Additionally, as each Bible copy was handwritten, the common people did not have their own copies during this time.

The Printing Revolution

I.Johannes Guttenberg

Johannes Guttenberg invented the first printing press as we recognise it today in 1440 A.D. This was known as the Guttenberg Press.

II.John Wycliffe

In the late 14th century, John Wycliffe (1320–1384) and his followers achieved the first English translation of the Old and New Testament.

At the age of 20, Wycliffe discovered a complete Bible in the University of Erfurt’s library in Germany, expressing a deep desire for such treasure. He said, “O God, could I but have one of the books, I would ask no other treasure.”

In 1380, he translated the New Testament into English, despite critics claiming he was making the Bible accessible to the masses rather than reserving it for priests. Wycliffe’s enemies argued that he was introducing a book exclusively for priests, but he believed that God’s Word was meant for everyone.

Forty-four years after Wycliffe’s death, the Pope, angered by his accomplishments, ordered his bones to be dug up and burned.

III.William Tyndale

William Tyndale (1494–1536) was another reformer who was convinced people should be able to read the Bible for themselves. When faced with opposition from the Catholic Church, Tyndale said, “I defy the Pope, and all his laws; and if God spares my life, I will cause the boy that drives the plough to know more of the Scriptures than the Pope himself!”

Tyndale’s translation of the Bible from ancient copies of Hebrew and Greek into English could not be done in England because of intense opposition.

He fled to Germany and is believed to have worked with Martin Luther while working on the English translations. Eventually, Tyndale was betrayed, arrested, and put to death at the stake. His last words were, “Lord, open the king of England’s eyes!”

Following Tyndale’s death, the English Bible was declared illegal in England. However, Tyndale’s prayer was answered.

Points of Interest

• A few years later, King Henry VIII permitted the printing of the Bible in English.
• Queen Elizabeth also allowed English Bibles to be printed. In 1611, the King James Authorised Bible, commissioned by King James I, was printed and became the most used English Bible for over 300 years.

This history should help us value the Bible we have today. God preserved His precious words so people could find salvation, encouragement, strength, and guidance in their walk with Him.

THE BIBLE — IS IT ACCURATE?

Have you ever wondered what the original manuscripts of the Bible looked like? None of the first manuscripts have survived, because the materials they were written on naturally wore out over time. This led to copies being made.

Questions may arise about the accuracy of these copies. Could mistakes or untruths have entered the Scriptures? Such doubts can affect our confidence in God’s Word and the promises it contains.

God does not want us to be confused or doubtful about the divine nature of the Bible. To answer concerns about accuracy, we can consider some of the evidence supporting the reliability of the Bible.

The Reliability of Ancient Jewish Scribes

One way to understand the accuracy of the Scriptures is by studying the careful process used to copy manuscripts. Jewish scribes dedicated their lives to studying and reproducing the Old Testament Scriptures.

Strict rules were followed during the copying process to help ensure the accuracy of each new copy.

I.Regulations for Copying Scriptures

According to ancient Jewish law, some regulations included:

• Scriptures had to be written on the skins of clean animals prepared by a Jew.
• Columns could be no more than 60 lines and no less than 48 lines.
• The ink had to be black and made only by using a special recipe.
• No word, letter, or yod, the smallest letter of the Hebrew alphabet, was to be written from memory.
• A scribe had to sit in full Jewish dress when copying Scripture.
• If spoken to by a king while writing God’s name, the scribe was to take no notice of the king.
• These rules, along with others, show the importance of making accurate copies in a respectful and God-fearing manner.

II.Verification and Error Prevention

After the scribe finished copying, further measures were taken:

• Verses, letters, and words of each book were carefully counted.
• The middle letter, middle verse, and middle word were calculated and checked against earlier manuscripts.
• If any mistakes were discovered during this careful process, the entire copy was burned, and the scribe began the task again.

Due to the meticulous care in the copying process, the Hebrew Scriptures are regarded as more reliable than any other ancient manuscripts.

Archaeology, History, and Science Confirm the Reliability of the Bible

Through the years, many critics have questioned the reliability of the Bible, including claims such as:

• Moses could not have written the Pentateuch because writing was not invented then.
• The Hittites were fictional and created by Bible writers.
• King David, King Belshazzar, King Herod, and Pontius Pilate did not exist.
• Joshua’s account at Jericho was not authentic because Jericho did not exist at that time.

I.Archaeological Discoveries

Archaeological discoveries have answered many of these claims:

• Coins bearing King Herod’s name have been unearthed.
• Historical evidence concerning Pontius Pilate has been discovered.
• The Tel Dan inscription mentions the “house of David.”
• Stone tablets with writing predating Moses have been found.

These findings give additional support for the accuracy and reliability of the Bible. They should strengthen our confidence and faith in its accounts.

Can Science Confirm the Accuracy of the Bible?

The Creator of the universe is also the Author of natural laws, and He included some of these truths in His Word.

I.Earth’s Suspension in Space

Ancient societies believed the earth rested on elephants. God’s Word in Job stated that the earth hangs on nothing, aligning with scientific accuracy.

Job 26:7 states:

He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, and hangeth the earth upon nothing.

II.Earth’s Shape

While people believed the earth was flat for thousands of years, God’s Word in Isaiah describes the earth as a “circle” or sphere, aligning with a spherical shape.

Isaiah 40:22 states:

It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in.

III.Ocean Floor Topography

Until recent times, it was believed the ocean floor was sandy and saucer-shaped. God’s Word in Jonah mentions “mountains,” and 2 Samuel refers to “channels” or valleys, aligning with an accurate depiction of ocean topography.

Jonah 2:6 states:

I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars was about me for ever: yet hast thou brought up my life from corruption, O LORD my God.

2 Samuel 22:16 states:

And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

Each of these instances predates scientific discoveries and serves as authentication for the reliability of God’s Word.

Ancient Manuscript Copies

The Bible possesses a greater number of ancient manuscript copies compared to many other acknowledged ancient works.

Presently, there are over 5600 ancient Greek manuscripts of the New Testament, providing the advantage of thorough cross-checking for accuracy.

I.Comparison with Other Ancient Works

To illustrate, compare these figures with manuscripts of a few other ancient writers:

• Plato — 7 copies
• Aristotle — 49 copies
• Julius Caesar — 10 copies
• Homer’s Iliad — over 700 copies
• The Bible has more ancient manuscript copies than many other accepted ancient works

II.The New Testament

• Boasts over 5600 copies
• Showcases a substantial number of ancient manuscripts

What Does the Bible Say?

It is crucial to God that His words were accurately written when given to the Bible’s writers. It is also crucial to Him to preserve His words for future generations.

I.God’s Word Preserved

• God, who created everything, from our solar system to the smallest atom, promised to preserve His words.
• The God who knows all things and hears every prayer ever prayed also pledged to safeguard His words.
• Through countless copies and translations, God has indeed kept His hand on His Word.

The Bible, in Psalm 12:6–7, states that the words of the LORD are pure and will be preserved from generation to generation.

Psalm 12:6–7 states:

The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.

Proverbs 30:5–6 emphasises the purity of every word of God and warns against adding to or taking away from them.

Proverbs 30:5–6 states:

Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.

Deuteronomy 4:2 states:

Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

In the book of Revelation, God pledges “plagues” for those who add to His words and vows to remove individuals from the book of Life for those who take away from the words.

Jesus assured in Mark 13:31 that God’s words would “never pass away” and affirmed in John 10:35 that they “cannot be broken.”

Key Points Regarding Doubt Instilled by the Devil

• Since the beginning, the devil has actively worked to instil doubt concerning God’s Word.
• When speaking with Eve, he questioned God’s command by asking, “Yea, hath God said,” in Genesis 3:1.
• When tempting Jesus, the devil twisted God’s words in Matthew 4:6.
• The devil persists in making people doubt God’s Word because he understands its power.

THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in 1946 or 1947 by a shepherd near the Dead Sea in a cave known as Qumran, marked a significant find.

Unaware of their value, the shepherd discovered jars containing ancient manuscripts. Some scrolls were sold to an antique dealer, and archaeologists and scholars later recognised their similarity to ancient Biblical manuscripts. This led to the discovery of eleven caves containing fragments, scrolls, and artefacts over 2000 years old.

Significance of the Scrolls

Further examination revealed parts or complete copies of every Old Testament book, except Esther. The “Great Isaiah Scroll,” dating back to about 100 B.C., was a remarkable find and is 1000 years older than any other Isaiah manuscript copies previously discovered.

Preservation of Content

Comparison with more recent copies of Isaiah showed almost identical content, with only a few spelling differences that did not alter the meaning of the Scriptures. Over 95 percent of the Great Isaiah Scroll matched word-for-word with newer copies, refuting claims of significant corruption through copying and translating.

These findings provide substantial evidence for the accuracy and reliability of the Bible. They show that God’s Word has been faithfully preserved through the ages.

SUMMARY

This Study Guide provides a comprehensive understanding of the significance, structure, and purpose of the Bible for followers of Jesus Christ. It emphasises the Bible as the record of God’s words, revealing who He is and guiding us in how to live. It also gives foundational understanding of the Bible’s origins and the benefits that come from reading, studying, and applying it.

God’s Communication and Recorded Words

The Bible shows God communicating with humanity from the beginning. Adam walked and spoke with God in the Garden of Eden. God gave direct instructions to Noah and Abraham, and He commanded Moses to write His words as a memorial, showing the importance of the written Word.

The Scriptures also testify of Jesus, revealing that the Bible brings hope and points us to Him.

The Structure of the Bible

The Bible is a library of 66 books divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. The word “testament” refers to a covenant between God and humanity.

The New Testament is described as a better covenant because of Jesus’ eternal priesthood and His work in interceding for humanity. The Old Testament lays the foundation, and the New Testament builds upon it. Both are necessary to fully understand God’s will and the revelation of Jesus Christ.

Divine Inspiration and Preservation

The Bible was written over approximately 1500 years by at least 40 different writers, yet it is inspired by God. It is not merely the words of men, but the Word of God given through men who were moved by the Holy Spirit.

Its unity, despite many writers and time periods, and its relevance across all generations, confirm its divine origin.

Historical and Cultural Impact

The Bible has greatly influenced history, culture, laws, and literature. Many common expressions and important historical moments are connected to Scripture.

Its teachings have also helped shape legal systems and moral understanding in many nations.

The Bible’s Endurance

Despite many attempts to destroy it, the Bible remains the most widely distributed book in the world. God’s Word is eternal and unchanging.

Its arrangement into Law, History, Poetry, and Prophets in the Old Testament, and Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Revelation in the New Testament, helps us understand its message clearly.

Spiritual Nourishment and Guidance

The Bible is spiritual food, necessary for growth and strength. Jesus is the Bread of Life, and believers are encouraged to grow from the “milk” of the Word to stronger understanding.

The Bible answers life’s most important questions and provides guidance, comfort, and strength in every situation.

Accuracy and Reliability

The Bible’s accuracy is supported by careful copying processes used by ancient scribes and confirmed by archaeological discoveries.

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls shows how faithfully the Scriptures have been preserved, strengthening confidence in the reliability of God’s Word.